Liyini “iphutha lokuzihlukanisa”?
Ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic ezine-inverter engaphansi kwe-transformer, i-DC ihlukaniswe nomhlabathi. Amamojula anemojuli ehlukile yokuhlukaniswa, izintambo ezingavinjiwe, izilungiseleli zamandla ezinesici, noma iphutha langaphakathi le-inverter kungabangela ukuvuza kwamanje kwe-DC phansi (PE - protective earth). Iphutha elinjalo libizwa nangokuthi iphutha lokuzihlukanisa.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho i-inverter ye-Renac ingena kumodi yokusebenza futhi iqala ukukhiqiza amandla, ukumelana phakathi komhlaba kanye nama-conductor aphethe manje e-DC kuyahlolwa. I-inverter ibonisa iphutha lokuzihlukanisa lapho ithola ukuphikiswa okuphelele okuhlanganisiwe kokuhlukaniswa okungaphansi kuka-600kΩ kuma-inverter esigaba esisodwa, noma i-1MΩ kuma-inverter ezigaba ezintathu.
Kwenzeka kanjani iphutha lokuzihlukanisa?
1. Esimweni sezulu esiswakeme, inani lezehlakalo ezibandakanya amasistimu anamaphutha okuhlukanisa ayakhula. Ukulandelela phansi iphutha elinjalo kungenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi kwenzeka. Ngokuvamile kuzoba nephutha lokuzihlukanisa ekuseni ngezinye izikhathi elinyamalala ngokushesha lapho umswakama uxazulula. Kwezinye izimo, kunzima ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela iphutha lokuzihlukanisa. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ingafakwa emsebenzini wokufaka ongenalutho.
2. Uma ukuvikela ku-wiring konakaliswa ngesikhathi sokufaneleka, isifunda esifushane singenzeka phakathi kwe-DC ne-PE (AC). Yilokhu esikubiza ngephutha lokuzihlukanisa. Ngaphandle kwenkinga yokuvikela ikhebula, iphutha lokuhlukanisa lingabangelwa umswakama noma uxhumo olubi ebhokisini lokuhlangana lephaneli yelanga.
Umlayezo wephutha ovela esikrinini se-inverter "iphutha lokuhlukaniswa". Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, inqobo nje uma leli phutha lisekhona, i-inverter ngeke iguqule noma yimaphi amandla njengoba kungase kube khona amandla asongela ukuphila ezingxenyeni ze-conductive zesistimu.
Uma nje kukhona uxhumano olulodwa lukagesi phakathi kwe-DC ne-PE, ayikho ingozi esheshayo kusukela uhlelo aluvaliwe futhi akukho okwamanje okungageleza kulo. Noma kunjalo, hlala uqaphile ngoba kunezingozi:
1. I-short-circuit yesibili emhlabeni yenzekile i-PE (2) idala i-short-circuit current ngokusebenzisa amamojula ne-wiring. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ingozi yomlilo.
2. Ukuthinta amamojula kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu ngokomzimba.
2. Ukuxilongwa
Ukulandelela iphutha lokuzihlukanisa
1. Cisha uxhumano lwe-AC.
2. Linganisa futhi ubhale inothi le-voltage yesiyingi evulekile yazo zonke izintambo.
3. Nqamula i-PE (umhlaba we-AC) nanoma yikuphi ukufakwa komhlaba ku-inverter. Shiya i-DC ixhunyiwe.
- I-LED ebomvu ikhanyisa ukuze ibonise iphutha
- Umlayezo wephutha lokuzihlukanisa awusaboniswa ngoba isiguquli asisakwazi ukufunda phakathi kwe-DC ne-AC.
4. Nqamula zonke izintambo ze-DC kodwa ugcine i-DC+ ne-DC- kuyunithi yezinhlamvu ngayinye ndawonye.
5. Sebenzisa i-voltmeter ye-DC ukukala i-voltage phakathi kuka-(AC) PE ne-DC (+) naphakathi kuka-(AC) PE ne-DC - futhi ubhale inothi yawo womabili ama-voltages.
6. Uzobona ukuthi ukufundwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu akubonisi i-Volt engu-0 (Okokuqala, ukufundwa kubonisa i-voltage yesifunda evulekile, bese yehla ku-0); lezi zintambo zinephutha lokuzihlukanisa. Ama-voltage akaliwe angasiza ukulandelela inkinga.
Ngokwesibonelo:
Intambo enamaphaneli elanga angu-9 Uoc = 300 V
I-PE kanye +DC (V1) = 200V (= amamojula 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,)
I-PE kanye -DC (V2) = 100V (= amamojula 7, 8, 9,)
Leli phutha lizotholakala phakathi kwemojuli 6 no-7.
ISEXWAYISO!
Ukuthinta izingxenye ezingavalekile zeyunithi yezinhlamvu noma uhlaka kungabangela ukulimala okubi kakhulu. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuphepha afanelekile kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa eziphephile
7. uma zonke izintambo ezilinganisiwe zilungile, futhi i-inverter isavela iphutha "iphutha lokuhlukaniswa", inkinga ye-hardware ye-inverter. Shayela usekelo lobuchwepheshe ukuze unikeze ngokumiselela.
3. Isiphetho
“Iphutha lokuhlukaniswa” ngokuvamile liyinkinga ohlangothini lwephaneli yelanga (inkinga nje ye-inverter embalwa), ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesimo sezulu esiswakeme, izinkinga zokuxhunywa kwamaphaneli elanga, amanzi asebhokisini lokuhlangana, amaphaneli elanga noma izintambo zokuguga.